Analogy

1. What are Analogies?

Analogies are logical reasoning questions that test your ability to identify relationships between pairs of words and apply the same relationship to another pair. They measure your analytical thinking and vocabulary skills.

Identify Relationships

Pattern Recognition

Logical Thinking

Vocabulary Skills

Simple Definition: Analogies are comparisons between two things that highlight how they are similar in some way.

2. Types of Analogies

Major Categories of Analogies

Based on Content

Word Analogy

Semantic & Functional Relations

Number Analogy

Arithmetic & Pattern-based

Alphabet Analogy

Letter arrangement logic

Based on Format

Figure Analogy

Pattern similarity

Mixed Analogy

Combination of types

Verbal Analogy

Sentence-based comparisons

3. Word Analogies

Common Word Relationship Types

Synonyms

Similar meaning

Antonyms

Opposite meaning

Part-Whole

Component to whole

Word Analogy Examples

Relationship Type	Example	Explanation
Synonyms	Happy : Joyful :: Sad : Sorrowful	Similar meaning relationship
Antonyms	Hot : Cold :: Day : Night	Opposite meaning relationship
Part-Whole	Wheel : Car :: Page : Book	Component to whole relationship
Worker-Tool	Writer : Pen :: Carpenter : Hammer	Professional to tool relationship

4. Number Analogies

Common Number Relationship Types

Addition

+N pattern

Multiplication

×N pattern

Squares

N² pattern

Prime Numbers

Prime sequence

Number Analogy Examples

Pattern Type	Example	Explanation
Addition	5 : 10 :: 7 : 12	+5 pattern (5+5=10, 7+5=12)
Multiplication	4 : 12 :: 5 : 15	×3 pattern (4×3=12, 5×3=15)
Squares	3 : 9 :: 4 : 16	Square relationship (3²=9, 4²=16)
Prime Numbers	2 : 3 :: 5 : 7	Next prime number relationship

5. Alphabet Analogies

Alphabet Relationship Types

A

Position-based

Based on alphabetical position

B

Reverse Order

Based on reverse alphabetical order

C

Vowel-Consonant

Based on vowel/consonant pattern

D

Letter Grouping

Based on letter grouping patterns

Alphabet Analogy Examples

Pattern Type	Example	Explanation
Position	A : C :: D : F	+2 position pattern
Reverse	Z : X :: Y : W	-2 position in reverse
Vowel	A : E :: I : O	Next vowel pattern
Grouping	AB : BC :: CD : DE	Sequential letter grouping

6. Figure Analogies

Figure Relationship Types

Shape-based

Size Change

Increase/decrease in size

Rotation

Rotation of figures

Mirror Image

Mirror reflection pattern

Pattern-based

Number of Elements

Increase/decrease in elements

Shading Pattern

Changes in shading

Position Change

Movement of elements

7. How to Solve Analogies

Step-by-Step Approach:

1

Identify the Relationship

Determine how the first pair is related

2

Formulate the Rule

Create a sentence that explains the relationship

3

Apply to Second Pair

Use the same rule on the second pair

4

Check All Options

Verify your answer with all given options

Always create a bridge sentence: "___ is to ___ as ___ is to ___" to verify the relationship.

8. Common Delhi Police / SSC Exam Facts

Word Analogies → Most Common

Synonyms/Antonyms → Frequent

Worker-Tool → Important Category

Number Patterns → Arithmetic Focus

Time Management → Key to Success

Practice → Essential for Mastery

9. Quick Recap

Analogy Type	Key Focus	Common Patterns
Word Analogy	Semantic Relationships	Synonyms, Antonyms, Part-Whole
Number Analogy	Mathematical Patterns	Addition, Multiplication, Squares
Alphabet Analogy	Letter Patterns	Position, Reverse, Vowel-Consonant
Figure Analogy	Visual Patterns	Rotation, Size, Shading Changes

You've completed Analogies!

Courage Tip: Remember to identify the relationship first, create a bridge sentence, and then apply the same relationship to the second pair. Practice different types of analogies to improve your speed and accuracy.