Information & Communication Technology
Delhi Plice Exam
Introduction to ICT
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) forms the digital backbone of today's world — from smartphones to supercomputers, and from cloud data to cybersecurity.
In the Delhi Police exam, ICT questions test your understanding of computers, internet basics, networking, and digital safety.
Memory Trick: "Connect, Compute, Communicate — that's ICT."
Computers & IT Basics
Internet & Its Evolution
| Concept | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Internet | A global network connecting millions of computers |
| WWW (World Wide Web) | A collection of websites accessible via the Internet |
| Browser | Software to access web pages (Chrome, Edge, Firefox) |
| Search Engine | Helps find information (Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo) |
Trick: "Internet connects; Web reflects."
Cloud Computing
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | Technology that stores data and runs applications over the Internet instead of a local computer |
| Examples | Google Drive, iCloud, Microsoft Azure, Amazon AWS |
| Benefits | Anywhere access, scalability, low cost |
Trick: "Data on Cloud, Access Allowed."
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | Simulation of human intelligence in machines |
| Applications | Chatbots, facial recognition, self-driving cars, language translation |
| Subfields | Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP) |
Trick: "AI = Machines that Think."
Machine Learning (ML)
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | A branch of AI where machines learn from data without explicit programming |
| Examples | Spam filters, product recommendations, speech recognition |
Trick: "ML Learns from Experience."
Robotics
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | Science of designing and using robots for human-like or repetitive tasks |
| Applications | Manufacturing, space missions, healthcare, defense |
| Example | ISRO's "Vyommitra" robot (for Gaganyaan mission) |
Trick: "Robotics = AI with Hands."
Cybersecurity
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | Protection of systems and data from cyberattacks |
| Common Threats | Phishing, Hacking, Malware, Ransomware |
| Tools | Firewalls, Antivirus, Encryption, Password protection |
Trick: "Cybersecurity – Guard your Digital Identity."
Cybercrime Examples
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Phishing | Fake emails to steal info |
| Hacking | Unauthorized access to data |
| Identity Theft | Stealing personal data |
| Cyberbullying | Online harassment |
Trick: "Phish steals, Hack reveals."
Firewalls & Antivirus
| Tool | Function |
|---|---|
| Firewall | Blocks unauthorized network access (Acts like a digital security gate) |
| Antivirus | Detects and removes malware (e.g., Norton, McAfee, Quick Heal) |
Trick: "Firewall blocks, Antivirus knocks out viruses."
Networking Basics
Types of Networks
| Type | Full Form | Range / Example |
|---|---|---|
| LAN | Local Area Network | Small area (office, school) |
| MAN | Metropolitan Area Network | City-level |
| WAN | Wide Area Network | Large area (Internet) |
Trick: "LAN – Local, MAN – Metro, WAN – World."
IP Address
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | A unique number assigned to each device on a network |
| Versions | IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1), IPv6 (newer format) |
| Purpose | Identifies devices for data transfer |
Trick: "IP = Internet Passport."
DNS (Domain Name System)
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Function | Converts domain names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses |
| Analogy | Like a phonebook for the Internet |
Trick: "DNS remembers names, not numbers."
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Definition | A secure connection that hides your IP and encrypts data over public networks |
| Use | Privacy protection, secure browsing, remote work |
Trick: "VPN = Virtual Privacy Network."
Software & Internet Acronyms
Common Internet Terms
| Term | Full Form | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language | Used to create web pages |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol | Transfers web data |
| HTTPS | Secure version of HTTP (encrypted) | Secure data transfer |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator | Web address (www.example.com) |
| IP | Internet Protocol | Unique device identifier |
| DNS | Domain Name System | Converts domain to IP |
| Portable Document Format | Universal document format | |
| API | Application Programming Interface | Allows software to communicate |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence | Machine intelligence |
| ML | Machine Learning | Learning from data |
Trick: "H-for-HTML/HTTP, U-for-URL, P-for-PDF, A-for-API."
Software Types
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| System Software | Windows, Linux, macOS |
| Application Software | MS Word, Excel, Photoshop |
| Utility Software | Antivirus, File Compression |
| Open Source Software | LibreOffice, Linux |
Trick: "System runs, Application works, Utility protects."
Practice Questions (Delhi Police, SSC & State Exams)
1
The full form of HTML is —
A) HyperText Making Language B) HyperText Markup Language C) HighText Marking Language D) Hyper Transfer Markup Language
Category: Internet Terms
Show Answer
B) HyperText Markup Language
2
Which of the following is India's humanoid robot for space missions?
A) Vyommitra B) Sophia C) Mitra D) Titan
Category: Robotics
Show Answer
A) Vyommitra
3
The main function of a Firewall is —
A) Virus scanning B) Blocking unauthorized network access C) Data backup D) Compressing files
Category: Cybersecurity
Show Answer
B) Blocking unauthorized network access
4
The full form of VPN is —
A) Virtual Public Network B) Virtual Private Network C) Variable Protocol Network D) Verified Private Network
Category: Networking
Show Answer
B) Virtual Private Network
5
Which of the following is an example of Cloud Computing?
A) Microsoft Word B) Google Drive C) Paint D) Excel
Category: Cloud Computing
Show Answer
B) Google Drive
6
Which protocol is used for secure website communication?
A) HTTP B) HTTPS C) HTML D) URL
Category: Internet Terms
Show Answer
B) HTTPS
Quick Revision – One Line Memory
| Topic | Key Point |
|---|---|
| AI | Machine Intelligence |
| ML | Learning from Data |
| Cloud Computing | Internet-based Storage |
| Firewall | Network Protector |
| VPN | Secure Private Connection |
| LAN/WAN | Local vs. Global Networks |
| HTML | Web Page Language |
| HTTP/HTTPS | Data Transfer Protocol |
| Document Format | |
| API | Software Connector |
Mnemonic: "AI Thinks, ML Learns, Cloud Stores, Firewall Protects."
Final Concept Recap
- Computers → Perform digital operations and store data
- Internet → Global network connecting systems
- AI & ML → Intelligent systems that learn and adapt
- Cybersecurity → Protects digital data and identity
- Networking → Enables device communication
- Acronyms → Common IT terms used in exams
One-Line Memory: "From HTML to AI, ICT powers the Digital India vision."
Developed By Jan Mohammad
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