Key Movements of Gandhi Era
Non-Cooperation | Civil Disobedience | Quit India
Delhi Police Exam History Section
1) Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)
Reason/Trigger:
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)
Rowlatt Act
Khilafat issue (support to Muslims)
Methods:
Boycott of govt schools, courts, foreign cloth, titles etc
Promotion of swadeshi & national education
Result/End: Movement withdrawn after Chauri Chaura incident (1922) where protest turned violent.
2) Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34)
Trigger:
Salt Tax & British monopoly on salt
Started with Dandi March (1930) → 240 km salt march
Methods:
Breaking British laws openly
Refusal to pay revenue
Boycott of foreign cloth, liquor etc.
Agreements:
Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) → Gandhi attends Round Table Conference
Result: Movement suspended multiple times & finally ended in 1934.
3) Quit India Movement (1942)
Trigger:
Cripps Mission failure
British unwilling to grant immediate independence during WWII
Slogan:
"Do or Die"
Features:
Most militant + mass scale movement ever
Students & workers were highly active
Parallel governments formed in some regions
Result: Brutal suppression by British. But this movement made it clear → British rule cannot continue.
SAMPLE QUESTION
Explain how Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience and Quit India movements differed in their nature, methods and impact.
QUICK RECAP
| Movement | Year | Nature | Special |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Cooperation | 1920 | Boycott based | Withdrawn after Chauri Chaura |
| Civil Disobedience | 1930 | Laws broken openly | Salt Satyagraha |
| Quit India | 1942 | Final mass revolt | Do or Die |
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
What triggered the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Year: SSC
View Answer
Salt Tax & British monopoly on salt triggered the Civil Disobedience Movement. It started with the Dandi March in 1930.
Which movement is associated with Chauri Chaura incident?
Year: Railways
View Answer
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) is associated with Chauri Chaura incident where violence led to Gandhi withdrawing the movement.
Who gave the slogan "Do or Die"?
Year: SSC
View Answer
Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan "Do or Die" during the Quit India Movement in 1942.
You've completed Gandhi Era Movements Concepts!
Courage Tip: Focus on understanding the progression from Non-Cooperation (boycott) to Civil Disobedience (law-breaking) to Quit India (final mass revolt). Remember key triggers, methods, and outcomes of each movement. Important events like Chauri Chaura, Dandi March, and Cripps Mission are frequently tested. The evolution shows Gandhi's strategy adapting from peaceful boycott to open defiance to final mass uprising.
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