SSC CGL - Detailed Guide 2025
Self-Paced Course
Industries of India
Reference: Lucent GK, NCERT Class 6–12
Major Industries
India’s industries are categorized as basic, consumer, capital goods, and intermediate. Here are some key sectors:
Iron & Steel Industry
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Type | Basic and heavy industry |
| Raw Materials | Iron ore, coal, limestone |
| Major Centers | Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Durgapur (WB), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Odisha), Jamshedpur (TISCO) |
| Importance | Backbone of industrial development |
India is the 2nd largest producer of crude steel globally.
Textile Industry
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Type | Largest employer in industrial sector |
| Divisions | Cotton, Silk, Woolen, Jute, Synthetic |
| Major Centers | Mumbai, Surat, Ahmedabad (cotton); Varanasi, Bhagalpur (silk); Kolkata (jute) |
| Raw Material-Based | Highly agro-based industry |
India is one of the largest producers and exporters of textiles and garments globally.
Information Technology (IT) Industry
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Type | Service-based industry |
| Major Cities | Bengaluru (Silicon Valley of India), Hyderabad, Pune, Noida, Chennai |
| Key Companies | TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL, Tech Mahindra |
| Contribution | Major contributor to India’s exports & foreign exchange |
India is a global IT hub, especially for software services and BPO.
Automobile Industry
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Major Hubs | Pune, Chennai (Detroit of India), Gurugram, Sanand (Gujarat) |
| Key Companies | Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, Mahindra, Honda |
| Types of Vehicles | Two-wheelers, Passenger cars, Commercial vehicles |
India is among the top automobile producers in the world.
Industrial Corridors & Zones
Industrial corridors aim to boost infrastructure, manufacturing, and logistics by connecting key economic regions.
| Corridor Name | Key States Covered | Focus Area |
|---|---|---|
| Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) | UP, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, MP | Mega industrial zones, smart cities |
| Amritsar–Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC) | Punjab to West Bengal | Agro and textile-based industries |
| Chennai–Bengaluru Industrial Corridor | TN, Karnataka | Automobile and electronics |
| Bengaluru–Mumbai Industrial Corridor | Karnataka, Maharashtra | Engineering, pharmaceuticals |
| Vizag–Chennai Industrial Corridor | Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu | Port-led industrial growth |
These corridors are part of the National Industrial Corridor Development Programme (NICDP).
MSMEs (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises)
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Sector | Highly labor-intensive, contributes ~30% to India’s GDP |
| Categories | Micro (investment < ₹1 Cr), Small (< ₹10 Cr), Medium (< ₹50 Cr) |
| Products | Handicrafts, food processing, textiles, leather, machinery |
| Employment | Largest employment generator after agriculture |
| Government Support | Credit support, subsidies, digital empowerment |
MSME Champions Portal, Udyam Registration & Credit Guarantee Schemes help in MSME development.
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
SEZs are specially demarcated areas with relaxed tax and regulatory norms to boost exports and foreign investment.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Key SEZ States | Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana |
| Leading SEZ Types | IT/ITeS, Pharma, Textiles, Engineering |
| Benefits to Companies | Tax exemptions, easy import/export norms, infrastructure support |
India’s first SEZ was established in Kandla, Gujarat.
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