SSC CGL - Detailed Guide 2025
Self-Paced Course
Everyday Chemistry
Reference: Lucent GK, NCERT Class 6–12
1. Soaps, Detergents, and Fertilizers
| Substance | Description | Composition/Type | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soaps | Sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids | Made from natural oils + NaOH/KOH | Work well with soft water, form scum in hard water |
| Detergents | Synthetic cleaning agents | Sulfonates/sulfates of hydrocarbons | Effective in hard water, biodegradable/non-biodegradable types |
| Fertilizers | Substances that supply essential nutrients to plants | Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) | N: Urea, Ammonium nitrate; P: Superphosphate; K: Potash |
Excessive use of fertilizers can cause water pollution (eutrophication).
2. Medicines (Analgesics, Antibiotics)
| Category | Purpose | Examples | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesics | Pain relief | Aspirin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen | May reduce inflammation (NSAIDs) |
| Antibiotics | Kill/inhibit growth of bacteria | Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Streptomycin | Do not work on viruses; misuse leads to resistance |
| Antacids | Neutralize excess stomach acid | Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide | Relieve acidity and indigestion |
| Antiseptics | Prevent infection on wounds/surfaces | Dettol, Iodine solution | External use only |
| Antipyretics | Reduce fever | Paracetamol, Aspirin | Often combined with analgesics |
Medicine misuse can lead to resistance, side effects, and toxicity.
3. Cosmetics, Preservatives, and Explosives
| Category | Usage Area | Examples | Chemical Insight |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cosmetics | Skin, hair, personal care | Talc, creams, lipsticks, shampoos | Often contain alcohols, esters, parabens |
| Preservatives | Prevent food spoilage | Sodium benzoate, Potassium metabisulfite | Inhibit microbial growth, extend shelf life |
| Explosives | Sudden release of energy | TNT, RDX, Dynamite | Nitrate-based compounds; used in mining, defense |
Cosmetics may include colorants, emulsifiers, fragrances—some may cause allergies.
Preservatives are also used in medicines and cosmetics.
Explosives are high-energy substances; handle with strict safety norms.
Developed By Jan Mohammad
Next
Start Your SSC CGL Journey Now!
Join Courage Library to experience disciplined study and expert support.
Be a Couragian!